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IT Terminology Dictionary: Letter A
| Abbreviation | Decoding | Description | Group | Note | Related terms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A/D | Analog-to-Digital Converter | Converts the real world into numbers. Without it, we'd still be listening to music on vinyl. | General | Your microphone turns voice into numbers, not magic. If it breaks, you'll be croaking, not singing. | |
| ABAC | Attribute-Based Access Control | Access is granted not by position, but by who you are and where you are. | Security | So that Vasya from accounting doesn't see your salary at 3 AM. Although if he's there, he's got problems. | |
| ABI | Application Binary Interface | An agreement between programs at the machine level. | Architecture | For the average programmer — magic; for a system engineer — a constitution; for a layperson — just IT jargon. | |
| ACID | Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability | Properties to ensure your money doesn't disappear during a transfer. | Data | If the database isn't ACID-compliant, you'll find out at the worst possible moment — when your money vanishes. | |
| ACL | Access Control List | A list of rules dictating who can read and who doesn't even have the right to look. | Security | A guard with a piece of paper deciding whether to let you into the cookie room. | |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard | An algorithm used to encrypt everything from passwords to state secrets. | Security | If your data isn't AES-encrypted, a hacker will read it faster than you can drink your coffee. If it is — congratulations! — they'll crack it only after you finish it. | |
| AOP | Aspect-Oriented Programming | A way to avoid duplicating the same code across all methods. | Architecture | You write one aspect — and it works everywhere. Like copy-paste, but without the consequences. | |
| AOT | Ahead-Of-Time Compilation | Compilation before the program starts. | Development | Like pre-cooking a meal and reheating it in the microwave. Fast, but boring. | |
| API | Application Programming Interface | A door through which one program requests something from another. | Architecture | It's like a waiter in a restaurant. You tell him what you want (request), he passes it to the kitchen (system) and brings you the finished dish (response). You don't go into the kitchen yourself, and the chef doesn't come out to you. Everyone communicates through the waiter. But unlike real life, tips are not required, though developers will be happy if you leave a good review. | |
| ArcGIS | Geographic Information System | Professional software for working with maps. | Data | If you need to draw a map, it's either ArcGIS or QGIS. The second one is free, like everything good in life. | QGIS |
| ASIC | Application-Specific Integrated Circuit | A chip designed for a single task — for example, mining bitcoins. | General | Fast, cheap, but incapable of anything else. Like a person who can only run, but does it well. | |
| AST | Abstract Syntax Tree | A tree into which the compiler transforms your code. | Development | If you work with code professionally, you'll encounter it. If not — don't worry. |
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